World Squares for All总体规划设计

World Squares for All Masterplan 
London, England 1996 – 2002

World Squares for All总体规划设计 
英国 伦敦 1996 - 2002 年 

The ‘World Squares for All’ masterplan area of Central London is familiar the world over. It contains a World Heritage Site – the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey – and such national emblems as Nelson’s Column and the Cenotaph. Yet when this exercise began, its two major civic spaces, Trafalgar Square and Parliament Square, were effectively reduced to traffic gyratories and the area as a whole was largely hostile to pedestrians. The aim was to improve visitor facilities and pedestrian access while enhancing the settings of the buildings, monuments and spaces. 
英国伦敦市中心的 World Squares for All 总体规划区举世闻名，这里有世界文化遗址 （World Heritage Site）——维斯特敏斯特宫与维斯特敏斯特修道院——以及一些国家的标志性建筑（如纳尔逊纪念柱和纪念碑）。不过，在方案实施之初，区内的两个主要市民活动空间——即特拉法加广场和国会广场——已沦为交通通道，整个区域对行人的生命安全也构成了很大的威胁。本规划方案的宗旨是改进各种游人设施，方便行人的出入，同时，改善周围的建筑、纪念碑和活动空间环境。

Cities such as Amsterdam, Barcelona and Paris have shown how the containment of traffic can contribute to the economic and cultural vitality of city centres. However, a project of this kind is a balancing act, which must promote genuinely integrated solutions, something that holds true for any historic urban environment attempting to sustain contemporary activities. The first step, therefore, was an extensive programme of research, which involved detailed studies of traffic and pedestrian movement and consultations with 180 public bodies and thousands of individuals. One of the main tools utilised was a plan model of London developed by Space Syntax at University College, London, which demonstrated the potential for pedestrian access and connectivity. This research led to the development of two possible approaches, which were presented at a public exhibition in Whitehall in November 1997. The response was overwhelming support for change.

阿姆斯特丹、巴塞罗那和巴黎等城市的规划都证明了控制好交通可以提升城市中心的经济及文化魅力。然而，作为一种协调平衡行为，此类项目必须有助于从根本上找到综合的解决方法，且适用于任何具有历史意义的、支持开展各种现代活动的城市环境。因此，第一步工作是进行广泛的调查，其中不仅涉及对交通及行人流动的详细研究，还包含向180家公共机构和成千上万名个人的咨询。使用的主要工具之一是伦敦大学学院 Space Syntax 开发的伦敦城平面模型，该模型用于分析人行道及交通通道的开发潜力。这项调查为城市规划提出了两种方案，并在1997年11月白厅举行的公开展览上展出。这次展示收到了各方的热烈响应，为广场改造提供了强有力的支持。

The first phase of the masterplan to be implemented focused on Trafalgar Square. As part of a comprehensive programme of detailed improvements, the northern side of the square in front of the National Gallery was closed to traffic and a wide pedestrian plaza created, which connects via a flight of steps to the central part of the square. Although in architectural terms it is a fairly discreet intervention, its effect has been radical, transforming the experience of the square for visitors and with none of the traffic chaos predicted by the critics. 
本总体规划第一期实施工程的重点是特拉法加广场。这项全方位细部改进方案的一部分是关闭国家美术馆前的广场北部交通，同时，修建一个宽阔的步行广场，并通过一段台阶将其与广场的中心部分相连。虽然从建筑学的角度上来说这个设计相当谨慎，但却取得了改头换面的效果；它在改变游客游览体验的同时，避免了批评家所预见的交通混乱现象。

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